While spring can be a lovely time full of sunshine and warmer weather, it can also be a time of stuffy noses and itchy eyes from seasonal allergies. Allergies occur when your body’s immune system overreacts to allergens, such as pollen or mold. Seasonal allergies affect up to 60 million people annually in the United States.
Signs and symptoms of seasonal allergies
Many people will experience allergic rhinitis after exposure to an allergen, which can present as sneezing, runny nose, and congestion. People may also have allergic conjunctivitis, which is inflammation of the lining of the eye, resulting in red, watery, or itchy eyes. Many of these symptoms can also be symptoms of other conditions, including the common cold, so it’s important to know the difference.
Over-the-counter allergy medicines
When it comes to treating allergy symptoms, there are plenty of options. While none of these will make your allergies go away completely, they will help your immune system calm down and leave you feeling more comfortable.
First-generation antihistamines
The most common first-generation antihistamine used for seasonal allergies is diphenhydramine, available under various brand names, such as Benadryl. Diphenhydramine is typically taken as needed. You can also find diphenhydramine in many OTC sleep aids, since it can cause significant drowsiness and sedation after taking it. Since it can cause so much drowsiness, there may be alternative options that are more appropriate.
Second-generation antihistamines
Second-generation antihistamines include loratadine (Claritin), cetirizine (Zyrtec), fexofenadine (Allegra), and levocetirizine (Xyzal). These medications work similarly to first-generation antihistamines, however, they cause less drowsiness and are typically taken once daily for the best effect. This class of medication may take longer, such as a few days to a week, to see the full effect.
Decongestants
Nasal decongestants are used to temporarily relieve congestion in the nasal passages. The most common decongestant is pseudoephedrine. You can purchase medications containing pseudoephedrine from the pharmacy counter without a prescription, though it is not kept on open store shelves. Pseudoephedrine is typically taken every four to six hours as an immediate release formulation or every 12 hours as an extended release formulation.
You can also find diphenhydramine available in combination with some of the second-generation antihistamines and it is available over the counter. People with uncontrolled high blood pressure should avoid pseudoephedrine.
Nasal corticosteroids
Corticosteroids in nasal sprays reduce inflammation of the nasal passages. Examples of these include fluticasone (Flonase), mometasone (Nasonex), and budesonide. These are typically administered as sprays into the nostrils once daily. You can use nasal corticosteroids in combination with decongestants and/or antihistamines.
Other strategies for managing seasonal allergies
While medications can be helpful, there are other strategies we can utilize to manage seasonal allergy symptoms. If possible, avoid outdoor chores such as mowing the lawn, weeding, or gardening. If you must spend time outside, change your clothes and take a shower as soon as you come inside. Avoid hanging laundry outside since pollen can stick to clothing. Other strategies include using an air purifier and air conditioning instead of opening the windows.
If you have questions about which over-the-counter allergy medicines are right for you, ask your pharmacist. We’re here to answer your questions and help you feel better. Make sure you review the specific dosing information and directions on every medication you pick up at the pharmacy.
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